• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    System for vegetation on a roof, in particular a flat roof, more in particular a flat roof with a slope, comprising one or more first receiving spaces for holding a growing medium and vegetation placed thereon, a number placed on the roof bottom trays which have a bottom and on which the first receiving spaces are supported, wherein under the growing medium and on top of the bottom of the bottom trays second receiving spaces are formed, which are in water-bearing connection with the first receiving spaces, for holding a supply of rainwater for the benefit of the growing medium and vegetation and / or for rainwater buffering, characterized in that the sub-basins have one or more outlets for discharging the water from the sub-basins, the system further comprising one or more water discharge pipes extending from one or more from the exits to a point of discharge, the system further comprising one or more sustained Valuable valves for influencing the amount of water flowing from the under-basins to the drain and means for controlling the position of the valves, which control means are operative in dependence on an external parameter.
    公开号:NL1042060A
    申请号:NL1042060
    申请日:2016-09-19
    公开日:2017-03-21
    发明作者:Maria Antonius Vermeer Adrianus；Bruins Slot Albert
    申请人:Abs Infradvies B V；Maria Antonius Vermeer Adrianus；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Nr. P514NL
    System for vegetation on roofs. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
    The invention relates to a system for vegetation on roofs, in particular on flat roofs, wherein the vegetation is supported in upper trays and beneath them receiving spaces are provided, usually in lower trays, for collecting excess rainwater. The invention further relates to a method for managing such a roof with vegetation.
    Placing vegetation on flat roofs is becoming more and more applicable. Frequently installed systems include a system of trays that can form a water retention, and on those trays, directly or indirectly, supported a growth medium or substrate on which the vegetation can grow. In order to prevent the lower trays from becoming full of collected rainwater that had seeped in from the growing medium, measures were taken to remove excess water from the trays.
    An example is given in US 2011/0290341, and US 2014/0151395. The trays are connected to each other for transport of water from one tray to the other. The lower (as seen in the direction of slope) is provided with an outlet with a water level-controlled valve, the aim being to be able to discharge a constant flow.
    Another example is given in EP 1,044,599, with trays provided with elevations on which the growth medium is supported and which are provided with overflow openings. The trays are further interconnected via tubes so that water can flow from one tray to the other tray to distribute the water over the trays.
    SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
    An object of the invention is to provide a system of the type mentioned in the preamble, in which the water collected in the water receiving spaces below the growing medium is at least partially used for purposes other than drainage.
    It is an object of the invention to provide an efficient system of the type mentioned in the preamble for controlling the water collected in the water receiving spaces below the growth medium, in particular the level thereof.
    It is an object of the invention to provide a system of the type mentioned in the preamble in which the water collected in the water receiving spaces below the growing medium is at least partially used to influence the physical conditions in the building of which the roof forms part.
    It is an object of the invention to provide a system of the type mentioned in the preamble with which the physical conditions in the building of which the roof forms part can be influenced favorably and in a controlled manner.
    From one aspect the invention provides, for achieving at least one of these or other objectives, a system for vegetation on a roof, in particular a flat roof, more in particular a flat roof placed at a slope, comprising one or more first receiving spaces for holding a growing medium and vegetation placed thereon / therein, a number of bottom trays placed on the roof and having a bottom and on which the first receiving spaces are supported, wherein second receiving spaces are formed under the first receiving spaces and on top of the bottom of the lower trays , which are in water-bearing connection with the first receiving spaces, for holding a supply of rainwater for the growth medium and the vegetation and / or for buffering rainwater, characterized in that the lower trays have one or more outlets for exporting the water from the lower trays, the system further comprising one or more water discharge pipes extending from from one or more of the exits to a place of discharge, the system further comprising one or more position-controllable valves for influencing the amount of water flowing from the under-basins to the drain and means for controlling the position of the valves, which control means are operative in dependence on an external parameter, the external parameter being selected from the group consisting of temperature, humidity and time.
    This makes it possible to adjust to circumstances other than those occurring within the lower trays, as is done with the aforementioned level-controlled valves. Depending on the external parameter used and desired, more or less water will be kept in the second reception areas.
    In particular, the external parameter can be the temperature. Then the water supply in the second reception areas can be adjusted to the seasons. The temperature used can be the temperature in a location in or near the valve (water) or in the immediate or indirect environment of the system. The temperature can be the outside air temperature. The temperature can be the temperature of the collected and / or discharged rainwater. The temperature can be the temperature of the growth medium.
    To that end, the control means may comprise a thermostat, for example a bimetal thermostat, preferably a thermostat that is adjustable, preferably programmable. A thermostatic valve (valve controlled by a thermostat) can be considered here. The thermostat can be designed for functional (feel) contact with the ambient air, the collected rainwater (in trays or in pipes) or the substrate / growing medium. The thermostat can be designed for functional (sensory) contact with ambient air or collected rainwater at the site of the valve. The thermostat can be designed for functional (feel) contact at a distance from the tap, such as in a capillary system or in a wireless system.
    The system can, for example, be adjusted in such a way that in the summer relatively much water is buffered in the second receiving spaces, whereby a water layer can be maintained which has a cooling effect on the lower roof spaces. Furthermore, more water can be made available for evaporation by the vegetation, as a result of which a cooling effect can also be realized on the environment of the roof in question, unlike normal green roofs where there is just a relatively warm surface. Buffering rainwater can also reduce the pressure on a sewer during peak summer showers.
    In the winter it is possible to choose to have water discharged at a certain temperature, in particular up to an (average) temperature at which water can still be flowed well, for example about 4 to 5 degrees, in order to have the thinest possible water layer and thereby a still thickest possible layer of air, so that heat losses from the lower roof space are largely limited.
    In one embodiment, some of the lower trays are connected to each other via each other's outlets so that water can flow from one tray to the other tray, and at least one lower tray is provided with an outlet connected to the one or more discharge pipes. In another embodiment, each base is connected directly to the one or more drain pipes via its own outlet (s). With this, unwanted differences in level between the basins can be prevented. The discharge of water from the lower trays can then take place directly from the relevant lower tray to the relevant drain pipe.
    In one embodiment, the valves are provided on or in the lower trays. In another embodiment, the valves are provided in the drain pipes.
    In a further development of the system according to the invention, wherein the roof is inclined in a first direction, the lower trays are provided on their relatively low side with one or more aforementioned outputs. The lower trays can be placed in series successive in the first direction which extend in a second direction transverse to the first direction. They can be in water-bearing communication with each other in the second direction, so that the water level within the trays of a second series is virtually the same in the second direction.
    In a further development thereof, the discharge pipes comprise first collection pipes which extend in the second direction, along the low sides of the under-basins, for receiving water from the one or more outlets of said under-basins, preferably between two consecutive ones located in the second directional ranges of under-baskets. There are no gaps left between the successive sets of under-boxes.
    The first collection pipes can be arranged for discharge to a second collection pipe, which extends in the first direction, for example to a central rainwater discharge.
    In a simple embodiment, the valves are placed in the first collection pipes, in particular downstream of the bottom container, which is the last in the second direction. The number of valves can hereby be limited, but nevertheless a level control per series of lower trays extending in the second direction becomes possible.
    To promote the control of the water levels in the lower basins, the valves can be placed upstream of the connection from the first collection pipe to the second collection pipe.
    In a simple, alternative embodiment, the at least one valve is placed downstream of the connection of the highest first collection line to the second collection line, in particular downstream of the connection of the lowest first collection line to the second collection line.
    In a further development of the system according to the invention, or according to the preamble of claim 1 of the patent application as filed, the first receiving spaces are formed by upper trays, and the upper trays have first bottoms and the lower trays have second bottoms, the first and the second bases at the location of places regularly distributed over their surface are kept at a distance from each other by a carrier. In one embodiment thereof, the carrier has upright walls, which walls are provided with passage openings for passage of water in the horizontal direction. In a further development thereof, the support is made up of a structure of upright walls that form vertically continuous cells, in particular honeycomb cells. Such a structure offers load-bearing capacity, sufficient for the weight of the upper trays filled with, for example, soil and vegetation, as well as a large vertical water permeability. The carrier can also be used for additional carrying functions, such as carrying tiles next to the upper trays. Furthermore, this carrier structure can further promote the creation of a stationary layer of air, which, as stated, can be favorable for the climate in the lower roof spaces. To promote the drainage within the lower trays, the cell walls and the second bottom can release horizontal liquid flow paths. The cell walls can be provided with passage openings, preferably at their lower edges.
    For promoting the storage capacity, the run-off and for strengthening the bottom of the lower trays, the second bottom can be provided with storeys, wherein the storeys can form part of the aforementioned (substantially horizontal) flow paths.
    The second bottom can form support surfaces between the floors for the carrier and thus for the parts that are supported by the carrier.
    In a further development of a system according to the invention, or according to the preamble of claim 1 of the patent application as filed, the first receiving spaces, as also in the aforementioned upper bins, are downwardly bounded by a (first) bottom provided with passages for water, wherein water-carrying bodies are arranged between the passages in the first bottom and the lower trays, which bodies extend as far as the passages and at least close to the (second) bottom of the lower trays. The water-bearing bodies are preferably made of capillary material, wherein, preferably, the material is mineral wool, in particular rock wool. This allows water to move up from the second receiving spaces to the growing medium. The spaces around the water-bearing bodies can remain substantially open or free, which can be favorable for winter conditions in which an insulating layer of air is sought between the (first) floor on which the growth medium is based and the (second) bottom of the second receiving spaces.
    The first bottom of the first receiving spaces can be provided at the location of the passages with break-out gates for forming the passages.
    The water-bearing bodies can extend downwards into one or more depressions of the second bottom, preferably up to the bottom surface thereof. In the aforementioned case of cellular support, the water-carrying bodies may be arranged in one or more of the cells, wherein said bodies may then, if necessary, be provided with incisions for receiving the cell walls. The horizontal cross-section of the bodies can then be larger than that of the cells.
    The second accommodation spaces preferably extend over at least substantially the entire surface of the lower trays and / or over at least substantially the entire roof surface.
    In an embodiment with upper trays and lower trays, the surface of the upper tray is a fracture of the surface of the lower tray, in particular a break with counter 1, for example%. The upper trays are herein preferably identical in form to the lower trays with regard to the top view, for example a length and a width of half of those of the lower trays respectively. In one embodiment, the upper trays can be placed over the connections between adjacent lower trays. Thus, the upper trays can be laid such that their transitions are staggered with respect to the transitions between the lower trays, in a regular manner.
    In an embodiment with upper trays and lower trays, where the roof has an edge, the lower trays extend closer to the roof edge than the upper trays, to leave a strip (one or more dm wide) or path free, preferably all around, so that a path is provided that can be used for installation, inspection and maintenance of the vegetation roof and / or rainwater is also collected outside the upper trays for collection in the lower trays. The path can thereby be formed by tiles or by another material to make a walkway, such as gravel. Tiles can be stably supported on the aforementioned carrier, which then extends sufficiently far beyond the upper trays.
    From a further aspect, the invention provides a method for managing the water supply in a system for vegetation on a roof, in particular a flat roof, more in particular a sloping flat roof, comprising a first or top layer of one or more first receiving spaces filled with a growth medium and bearing vegetation placed thereon / therein, one or more water receiving spaces being formed below the first receiving spaces and above the roof covering, which are in water-bearing connection with the first receiving spaces for maintaining a supply of rainwater for the purpose of growing medium and vegetation and / or for buffering rainwater, wherein water in the water receiving spaces is drained therefrom via a drain, wherein the discharge of water from the water receiving spaces is controlled in dependence on an external parameter. Also in this case the external parameter can be selected from the group consisting of temperature, humidity and time. The control means can be operative depending on the temperature in or near the valve or at a location in the direct or indirect environment, this temperature preferably being selected from the group consisting of the air temperature, the temperature of the collected rainwater, in in particular the water in the under-basins or in the pipes, and the temperature of the growth medium.
    In addition, the drain can be limited or closed at an (average) temperature of more than about 5 degrees C, in order to realize a water layer in the summer as a buffer for vegetation and for some cooling of lower-roof spaces. The drain can be opened at a temperature of less than about 5 degrees C, with which a thin water layer can be realized in winter and use can be made of the insulating effect of an air layer at a small height above the bottom of the water receiving spaces. The temperature can be felt in the vicinity of or at the location of the valve, in the water.
    In one embodiment, bottom trays are placed on the roof covering to form the water receiving spaces. Each base can have its own outlet for the water, which is connected to a collection pipe for discharge located outside the base.
    In a further development, the roof is inclined in a first direction, wherein the lower trays are placed in series successive in the first direction that extend in a second direction transversely to the first direction, and wherein the water is drained from the lower trays from the relatively low side of each series of lower trays extending in the second direction.
    In a further embodiment, the water from a plurality of first collection conduits is collected in a second collection conduit extending in the first direction and leading to a drain.
    The drain can be controlled at a location in the first collection pipes.
    From a further aspect, the invention provides a system for vegetation on a roof, in particular a flat roof, in particular a flat roof with a slope, comprising a number of upper trays with first bottoms and with (first) accommodation spaces for holding a growth medium and vegetation placed thereon / therein, a number of lower trays placed on the roof on which the upper trays are supported, which lower trays form (second) (water) receiving spaces for maintaining a supply of rainwater drainage for the purpose of the growth medium and the vegetation, upper trays have a first bottom which is provided with a number of first openings for downward migration of rainwater from the upper tray to the lower tray and with a number of second openings, wherein a water-bearing membrane is laid on the bottom of the upper trays, the lower trays having a second bottom having water-bearing bodies of capillary material directly below the second openings each having a cross section of a few cm 2 or more and extending vertically from the second openings into the water receiving spaces.
    The bodies may have a circular cross section, such as circular or elliptical. The bodies may also have a polygon cross-section, the largest dimensions being equal in two directions perpendicular to each other or not differing more than a number of times by the smaller of the two dimensions. The term bodies does not include a ribbon shape. The bodies have such a cross-section that contamination and fouling on the peripheral surfaces thereof and within them do not significantly impede the vertical passage of water through the bodies.
    The second openings can be located directly next to or at a horizontal distance from the first openings.
    The water-passing bodies are of capillary material, wherein, preferably, the material is mineral wool, in particular rock wool.
    In a further development, a support with vertically continuous cells, in particular honeycomb cells, is placed between the bottom of the upper trays and the bottom of the lower trays, wherein the water-passing bodies of capillary material extend through the carrier from the second openings up to the water intake spaces. The bodies may have a cross-section larger than that of the cells and slid onto the cell walls. The cell walls and the second bottom can release horizontal fluid flow paths.
    The water-passing bodies can have a height that is greater than the height of the carrier.
    In one embodiment, the first bottom is provided at the location of the passages with break-out gates for forming the second openings, so that the upper trays can also be used in an arrangement without lower trays, then without broken-out gates.
    The water-carrying bodies preferably make water-bearing contact with the membrane.
    In the case of the carrier, it can extend over at least substantially the entire surface of the bottom of the relevant bottom tray.
    The bottom tray can have a circumferential wall with an upper edge, the upper edges of the cells of the carrier being at a level that is at most equal to that of the upper edge of the circumferential wall of the lower tray.
    From a further aspect the invention provides an assembly of vegetation trays and pillars, wherein the vegetation trays have a bottom with first elevations or recesses and the pillars with their lower end fitting on the top side of the elevations or in the upper side of the recesses of the one vegetation tray can be placed and placed with their upper end fitting into the underside of the elevations or on the underside of the floors of another, above-ground vegetation bin. The pillars can have side walls that are accessible for growth medium / substrate for vegetation.
    Embodiments of systems, methods and assemblies according to the invention are further described in the appended claims of the patent application as filed, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
    The aspects and measures described in this description and claims of the application and / or shown in the drawings of this application can, where possible, also be applied separately from each other. Those individual aspects and other aspects may be the subject of split-off patent applications directed to them. This applies in particular to the measures and aspects that are described per se in the subclaims.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    The invention will be elucidated on the basis of an exemplary embodiment shown in the accompanying drawings. Shown is:
    Figures 1A and 1B show an oblique front view and a top view, respectively, of an example of a top tray for a system according to the invention;
    Figures 1C-E show a number of transport states of the head box of figures 1A and 1B;
    Figure 2 shows an example of a carrier for a system according to the invention;
    Figure 3 shows an example of a base for a system according to the invention;
    Figure 4 shows an assembly of the bottom tray of Figure 3 with the carrier of Figure 2;
    Figure 5 shows the system with the assembly of Figure 4 and a top tray of Figure 1C during installation on a flat roof;
    Figures 5A and 5B show a side view of the system of figure 5 and a cross-section through the system after installation, respectively;
    Figure 6 shows schematically an arrangement of the system of Figure 5; and
    Figure 7 shows the system of Figure 6 on a flat roof of a building.
    DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
    The top box 1 in figures 1A and 1B is made of plastic and comprises a bottom 2 and an upright peripheral edge 4. The (first) bottom 2 has four areas 3, between which ribs 5 are situated, which form a cross. The ribs 5 are provided with drainage holes 7a. An elevation 13 is formed in the center of the cross. Each area 3 is provided in the bottom 2 with a series of recesses 9, with drainage holes 7b and with elevations 6. Each area 3 is furthermore provided in the bottom 2 with weakenings arranged in a circular form which surround a breakout port 12 in order to provide a passage after breaking out thereof 8 to form. The holes 7a, b form first openings and the passages 8 second openings.
    On the inside of the peripheral edge 4, dovetail-shaped receiving spaces 14a, 14b opening downwards and outwards are also formed. Lips 11 are formed on the top of said receiving spaces 14a, b, which are situated at a small distance from the peripheral edge 4 to thereby define slots 11a. On the outside, the peripheral edge 4 is provided with co-formed flat, dovetail-shaped protrusions 10a, 10b which fit into the receiving spaces 14a, b. This allows the upper trays to be connected to each other in a simple manner, lying against each other.
    In figure 1C it is shown that the top box 1 can be provided with an attachment piece 20, in order to increase the filling height of the top box. The attachment 20 fits into the slots 11a with the walls and is then held in place. The tray is then ready to be filled with a growth medium, substrate, and then provided with the desired vegetation. For transporting several upper trays thus filled, it is advantageous from the point of view of space requirement if these upper trays can be transported stacked. Pillars 17 can be used for this purpose, which can be placed close to the elevations 6,13. These pillars 17 have a support surface 19 at the top, which can suitably engage in the underside of an elevation 6,3 of an upper container placed above it, see figures 1D and 1E. The pillars 17 are provided with lateral openings 18, so that they can receive substrate when filling the head tray, which has the advantage that no shortage of substrate occurs there during removal of the pillars 17 during installation. The height of the pillars 17 is such that there is sufficient free space for the vegetation. The pillars 17 are moreover stackable, see figure 1D, to create a greater intermediate height.
    Figure 2 shows a honeycomb core 40 made of plastic. The honeycomb core 40 is a carrier with cells 41 defined by cell walls 42. The cell walls 42 are provided at the bottom with passages 46 (only a few shown). A number of cells 41 contain water-carrying bodies 45 with capillary action. The bodies 45 are of rock wool and cylindrical, with a larger surface area than that of a cell 41. They are provided with incisions on the underside so that they can be placed over the cell walls 42. They extend up to slightly above the top of the cell walls 42 and extend downwardly to abut against the surface of the floor 54 of the bottom tray 50, to be discussed below.
    Figure 3 shows a lower tray 50 made of plastic. The rectangular tray 50 has a (second) bottom 51 and a peripheral edge 52. The bottom 51 is provided with a series of depressions 54. The peripheral wall 52 is provided with a vertical indentation 55 in the middle of the long side. two adjacent side exits 53 are provided, which can be opened by breaking out a gate, as with flush-mounted boxes.
    In Figure 4, the carrier or honeycomb core 40 is placed in the bin 50 so as to form assembly 60. These can be transported stacked to work.
    The dimensions of the bin 1 can be 40 cm by 60 cm, that of the bin 50 by 80 cm by 120 cm, so that four upper bins 1 occupy a surface area equal to that of one lower bin.
    However, placement can be done differently, see figure 5. The bottom tray 50 is placed as an assembly 60 on a flat roof 100. In addition to the shown bottom tray assembly 60, further assemblies 60 can be placed in the direction H and in the direction B, subsequently. An upper container is placed in the center of the assembly 60 shown. This has the consequence that when a next top box is placed, in direction Η, A1, the rib 5 thereof can fall over the top edge of the peripheral edge 51, and that top edge then partially extends within the rib 5. This then also applies to the top edge of the circumferential wall 51 of the lower tray 50 adjacent to a direction B. As a result, the bottom 2 of the upper tray 1 can certainly rest on the top of the core 40 in the lower tray 50, in particular on the cores 40 of two adjacent lower tray assemblies 60, as can be seen in figure 5B.
    In addition, the central elevation 13 then lies above the indentation 55. The indentation 55 can be used for passing an electrical line to a light source to be included in the elevation 13, or for passing a water line to a part to be included in the elevation 13. spraying installation.
    If it is desired, on the basis of the arrangement of Figure 5, to completely occupy the surface of the lower trays 50 with upper trays, a top tray can be divided for this purpose by cutting it in the longitudinal direction of and through the ribs 5.
    The installation (Figure 6) will usually be such that first the sloping roof in the first direction A1 is covered with base box assemblies 60. These are laid in series in a second direction B1, starting on the side Z of the flat roof 100. After the first series has been laid in the second direction, a first manifold 70 is laid at its relatively low longitudinal edge. This is brought in fluid communication with connections 71 to the nearby exits 53 of all lower trays 50 in that series, where the ports have previously been broken out. The connection to the peripheral wall 52 is in each case watertight. The bin 50a shown in Figure 6 is the last bin in the second direction.
    Then the next series of trays 50 / assemblies 60 is laid, along the first series already laid. The lower trays 50 of the second series can touch the lower trays of the already laid series, leaving room for the pipe 70. After placement thereof, a pipe 70 is also connected thereto. This continues with series, successively in the first direction A1, direction (transverse) slope of the flat roof. This is illustrated in Figure 6, with an indication of the structure of the system.
    Then the upper trays 1 can be supplied, stacked. The upper trays 1 are spread and placed on the lower trays in the manner as already discussed, wherein adjacent trays 1 can be coupled to each other by interlocking dovetail-shaped protrusions 10a, b into dovetail-shaped receiving spaces 14a, b. In this case, it has been decided to leave the edges of the system free of top trays, so that a walkway 103 is obtained for facilitating maintenance. The upper trays are depicted without substrate and vegetation, but it will be understood that they will be included therein.
    The downstream ends of all pipes 70 are connected to a second collecting pipe 75 extending in the first direction A1, which pipe can be connected to a rainwater drain. A valve 72 is included in each line 70 between the connection 71 of the lowest bin 50 in the series and the connection to the line 75, with a remote-controlled control 73. These controls 73 are controlled from a control unit 104, see figure 7. in which the building 101 is depicted on the roof 100 of which (surrounded by roof edge 105) the system according to the invention has been placed. The control unit 104 can be programmed to open the valves 72, optionally to a desired extent, or to close them. The water level in the lower basins 50 can thus be influenced via each connection 71. Various parameters are eligible for this, of which time, air humidity and, preferably, ambient temperature, in particular air temperature or the temperature of the rainwater present in the system (in the under-basins or in the pipes), or the temperature of the growth medium, as discussed above.
    When the valves 72 are closed, the level in the trays 50 will rise, for example to level Pz, figure 5B. In the tank 50 there is then a thick layer of water, as (emergency) storage or as a supply for the vegetation. The cells 41 are largely filled with water. Via the capillary bodies 45, which extend from the sunken bottom 54 through a cell 41 and also reach into previously broken-out passages 8, water will rise in the direction D and via fleece 80 laid on the bottom 2 of top box 1 can be absorbed in substrate 90. The vegetation layer provides cover for the roof of the building and provides a cooling effect through evaporation, both for the roof itself and for the environment.
    Excess rainwater will sink through the substrate 90 and be able to end up in the bottom tray 50 via holes 7a, b, direction E.
    If there is an excess of water, in one embodiment, the control unit 104 can open the valves 72, so that water is drained via pipes 71, 75 and hwa 102, direction C. Drainage through each tank per se is promoted through the storeys 54 and the holes 46 in the cell walls 42. It is also possible to make the cells 41 so wide that the holes 46 are not necessary because each cell 41 will then at least partly lie above a recess 54.
    The control unit 104 can also be programmed to open the valves 72 at a certain lower temperature, such as 5 degrees C, in order to obtain a relatively low level Pw. A relatively thick layer of still air is then obtained, which has a heat-insulating effect.
    Due to the separate flow connection between each tray 50 and the pipes 71, the same level situation can be realized for each series of trays (viewed in direction B). This can be the same for all series, or differ per series (if the vegetation differs per series, see below).
    For further refined control of the level in the bins 50, the lowest bin 50 can be provided with a level meter read by the control unit 104.
    The valves can be designed as thermostat valves, which open at pre-set temperature and close at certain temperature of the water, such as 5 degrees C. Then a central control unit may not be necessary.
    The thermostat valve is designed in an embodiment to respond to the temperature of the air in the immediate vicinity of the valve, such as with a bimetal. In another embodiment, the thermostat valve is provided with a distance sensor and capillary, with which the temperature is sensed at a distance from the valve, such as in the water in the bottom tray or in the substrate in the top tray. The thermostat valve can also be designed with a sensor in contact with the water in the valve.
    Because the upper trays are equipped with knock-out gates, the upper trays are also suitable for vegetation that requires less water, such as sedum, in which case the ports are not broken away. A roof can be arranged a la carte in this way, whereby one top box or series of top boxes carries different vegetation than the other top box or series of top boxes, for example sedum and lavender.
    The above description is included to illustrate the operation of preferred embodiments of the invention, and not to limit the scope of the invention. Starting from the above explanation, many variations will be apparent to those skilled in the art that fall within the spirit and scope of the present invention.
    权利要求:
    Claims (40)
    [1]
    A system for vegetation on a roof, in particular a flat roof, more in particular a flat roof with a slope, comprising one or more first receiving spaces for holding a growth medium and vegetation placed thereon, a number on it roof baskets placed on a roof and on which the first receiving spaces are supported, wherein under the growing medium and on top of the bottom of the under basins second receiving spaces are formed, which are in water-bearing connection with the first receiving spaces, for keeping a supply of rainwater for the benefit of of the growth medium and the vegetation and / or for the buffering of rainwater, characterized in that the sub-basins have one or more outlets for outputting the water from the sub-basins, the system further comprising one or more water discharge pipes extending from one or more of the exits to a point of discharge, the system further comprising one or more in position s controllable valves for influencing the amount of water flowing from the under-basins to the drain and means for controlling the position of the valves, in particular programmable control means, wherein the control means operate in dependence on an external parameter, wherein the external parameter is selected from the group consisting of temperature, humidity and time.
    [2]
    System as claimed in claim 1, wherein the control means are operative in dependence on temperature, in particular the temperature in or near the valve or at a location in the environment, wherein the temperature is preferably selected from the group consisting of the air temperature, the temperature of the collected rainwater, in particular the water in the basins or in pipes, and the temperature of the growing medium.
    [3]
    3. System as claimed in claim 2, wherein the control means comprise a thermostat, for example a bimetal thermostat, wherein, preferably, the thermostat is adjustable, wherein, preferably, the control means valves comprise thermostat valves, which are preferably placed on the water discharge pipes to be.
    [4]
    4. System as claimed in claim 3, wherein the thermostat is provided with a sensor for remote temperature of the valve.
    [5]
    5. System as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the roof is inclined in a first direction and the lower trays are provided on their relatively low side with one or more of the aforementioned outputs, wherein, preferably, the lower trays are placed in, in the first direction consecutive series extending in a second direction transversely to the first direction, wherein, preferably, the discharge conduits comprise first collection conduits extending in the second direction, along the low sides of the lower trays for receiving water from the one or more outputs of the lower trays, preferably between two consecutive series of lower trays extending in the second direction.
    [6]
    A system according to claim 5, wherein the valves are placed in the first collection conduits, the valves being placed downstream the exit of the last lower container of the series of lower containers connected to the relevant first collection conduit.
    [7]
    A system according to claim 5 or 6, wherein the first collection conduits are disposed for discharge to a second collection conduit extending in the first direction, wherein, preferably, the at least one valve is located downstream of the connection of the highest-located first manifold on the second manifold, in particular downstream of the connection of the lowest first manifold to the second manifold.
    [8]
    8. System as claimed in claim 7, wherein the second collection pipe connects to a rainwater drain.
    [9]
    9. System as claimed in any of the foregoing claims, wherein the second (water) accommodation spaces extend over at least substantially the entire surface of the lower trays and / or extend over at least substantially the entire surface of the roof projected on a horizontal surface, wherein, preferably , the roof has an edge and the lower trays extend closer to the roof edge than the upper trays, to leave a path free, preferably all around.
    [10]
    10. Method for managing the water supply in a vegetation system on a roof, in particular a flat roof, more in particular a flat roof with a slope, comprising a first or top layer of one or more first receiving spaces that are filled with a growing medium and vegetation placed thereon / therein, wherein one or more water receiving spaces are formed below the first receiving spaces and above the roof covering, which are in water-bearing communication with the first receiving spaces for maintaining a supply of rainwater for the purpose of the growing medium and the growing medium vegetation and / or for buffering rainwater, wherein water in the water receiving spaces is discharged therefrom via a drain, wherein the discharge of water from the water receiving spaces is controlled in dependence on an external parameter, the external parameter being selected from the group consisting of temperature, humidity and time.
    [11]
    A method according to claim 10, wherein the control means are operative depending on temperature, in particular in or near the valve or at a location in the environment, wherein the temperature is preferably selected from the group consisting of the air temperature, the temperature of the collected rainwater, in particular the water in the basins or in the pipes, and the temperature of the growing medium.
    [12]
    A method according to claim 10 or 11, wherein the drain is restricted or closed at a temperature of less than about 5 degrees C and / or wherein the drain is opened at a temperature of more than about 5 degrees C.
    [13]
    A method according to claim 10, 11 or 12, wherein lower trays are placed on the roof covering for forming the water receiving spaces, wherein, preferably, each lower tray drains water via its own outlet to a first connected to it, preferably outside the lower tray, connected thereto collection pipe for drainage.
    [14]
    A method according to claim 11, 12 or 13, wherein the roof is inclined in a first direction, wherein the lower trays are placed in series successive in the first direction and extending in a second direction transversely to the first direction, and wherein the water from the lower trays is discharged from the relatively low side of each series of lower trays extending in the second direction, wherein, preferably, the water from a plurality of first collection lines is collected in a second collection line extending in the first direction, which leads to a drain.
    [15]
    Method according to claim 14, wherein the discharge is controlled at a location in the first collection pipes, in particular with the aid of a thermostat valve.
    [16]
    A system according to any one of the preceding claims or according to the preamble of claim 1, wherein the first receiving spaces are formed by upper trays, wherein the upper trays have first bottoms and the lower trays have second bottoms, the first and the second bottoms being at their location regularly spaced areas are kept at a distance from each other by a carrier.
    [17]
    17. System as claimed in claim 16, wherein the carrier has upright walls, which walls are provided with passage openings for passage of water in the horizontal direction.
    [18]
    A system according to claim 16 or 17, wherein the carrier is made up of a structure of upright walls that form vertically continuous cells, in particular honeycomb cells.
    [19]
    The system of claim 18, wherein the cell walls and the second bottom release horizontal fluid flow paths.
    [20]
    The system of claim 19, wherein the cell walls are provided with passage openings, preferably at their lower edges.
    [21]
    A system according to claim 19, wherein the second bottom is provided with recesses, the recesses being part of the aforementioned liquid flow paths, wherein, preferably, the second bottom forms supporting surfaces for the carrier between the recesses.
    [22]
    22. System as claimed in any of the foregoing claims or according to the preamble of claim 1, wherein the first receiving spaces are downwardly bounded by a bottom provided with passages for water, wherein water-carrying bodies are arranged between the passages in said bottom and the under-basins, which reach into the passages and at least reach near the bottom of the lower trays.
    [23]
    The system of claim 22, wherein the water-bearing bodies are made of capillary material, wherein, preferably, the material is mineral wool, in particular rock wool.
    [24]
    A system according to claim 22 or 23, wherein the bottom of the first receiving space at the location of the passages is provided with break-out ports for forming the passages.
    [25]
    25. System as claimed in claim 21 and as claimed in claim 22, 23 or 24, wherein the water-bearing bodies extend downwards into the depressions of the second bottom, preferably up to the bottom surface thereof.
    [26]
    The system of any one of claims 18 to 21 and one of claims 22 to 25, wherein the bodies are disposed in one or more of the cells.
    [27]
    A system according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the roof has an edge and wherein the lower trays extend closer to the roof edge than the upper trays, to leave a path free, preferably all around, wherein in the case of application of the carrier of claim 16 and following the carrier there carries tiles to form the path.
    [28]
    28. System for vegetation on a roof, in particular a flat roof, in particular a sloping flat roof, comprising a number of upper trays with first bottoms and with (first) receiving spaces for holding a growth medium and placed thereon / therein vegetation, a number of sub-trays placed on the roof on which the upper trays are supported, which lower trays form second or water receiving spaces for maintaining a supply of rainwater drainage for the growth medium and the vegetation, the upper trays having a bottom provided with a number of first trays openings for downward migration of rainwater from the top tray to the bottom tray and from a number of second openings, preferably located between the first openings, wherein a water-bearing membrane is laid on the bottom of the top boxes, the bottom boxes having a second bottom, wherein water-carrying bodies of capillary material are provided directly below the second openings d ie each have a cross section of a few cm 2 or more and extend vertically from the second openings into the water receiving spaces.
    [29]
    The system of claim 28, wherein the water-passing bodies are of capillary material.
    [30]
    The system of claim 29, wherein the material of the water-transmitting bodies is mineral wool, in particular rock wool.
    [31]
    A system according to claim 28, 29 or 30, wherein between the bottom of the upper trays and the bottom of the lower trays is a carrier with vertically continuous cells, in particular honeycomb cells, supporting the upper trays, wherein the water-carrying bodies of capillary material are located. extending the second openings through the carrier into the water receiving spaces.
    [32]
    The system of claim 31, wherein the water-passing bodies have a cross-section that is larger than that of the cells and therefore extends into more than two adjacent cells.
    [33]
    The system of claim 31 or 32, wherein the water-passing bodies have a height that is greater than the height of the carrier.
    [34]
    A system according to any one of claims 28-33, wherein the second openings are provided with support means for support on the top of the water-passing bodies.
    [35]
    The system of any one of claims 28-34, wherein the water-conducting bodies make water-bearing contact with the web.
    [36]
    36. A system according to any one of claims 31-35, wherein the carrier extends over at least substantially the entire surface of the bottom of the relevant bottom bin.
    [37]
    The system of claim 36, wherein the lower tray has a peripheral wall with an upper edge, wherein the upper edges of the cells of the carrier are at a level that is at most equal to that of the upper edge of the peripheral wall of the lower tray.
    [38]
    The system of any one of claims 31-37, wherein the cell walls and the second bottom release horizontal fluid flow paths.
    [39]
    39. Combination of vegetation trays and pillars, wherein the vegetation trays have a bottom with first elevations or storeys and the pillars with their lower end can be placed fittingly on the top of the raises or in the upper side of the storeys of the one vegetation tray and with their upper end fit into the underside of the elevations or on the underside of the floors of another, above-ground vegetation bin.
    [40]
    An assembly according to claim 39, wherein the pillars have side walls that are transparent to growth medium / substrate for vegetation. -o-o-o-o-o-o-o-
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    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    FR2792165B1|1999-04-14|2001-06-15|Raphael Lame|SURFACE VEGETATION PROCESS AND WATER RESERVE CONTAINER USED IN SAID PROCESS|
    FR2941477B1|2009-01-28|2011-02-25|Sarl Le Prieure|DEVICE AND METHOD FOR STORING WATER WITH LIMITED FLOW RATE ON A SLOPED ROOF|
    US20140026480A1|2012-04-25|2014-01-30|Cgt, Inc.|Stormwater runoff control for vegetative-and non-vegetative-based roofing systems|
    FR2998599B1|2012-11-23|2015-08-28|Sarl Le Prieure|DEVICE FOR REMOVING WATER FROM A RETENTION BIN|
    CN204031894U|2014-08-29|2014-12-24|山东每美食品有限公司|The automatic spray heat sink on roof, a kind of mushroom room|WO2021165534A1|2020-02-21|2021-08-26|Intewa Gmbh|Building having a planted façade|
    DE102020117582A1|2020-07-03|2022-01-05|Thomas Viehweg|Stackable green roof element|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    NL1041474|2015-09-18|
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